Newborn and infant hearing screening outcomes at a tertiary paediatric hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa

South African Journal of Communication Disorders

 
 
Field Value
 
Title Newborn and infant hearing screening outcomes at a tertiary paediatric hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa
 
Creator Kuschke, Silva van Zyl, Cheri Mokete, Mmakgotso Ramma, Lebogang
 
Subject Audiology; newborn hearing screening newborn and infant hearing screening; otoacoustic emissions; automated auditory brainstem response; risk factors; referral patterns
Description Background: Despite national guidelines, newborn and infant hearing screening (NIHS) is not universally implemented in South Africa, with scarce data on programme outcomes within the public health sector.Objectives: To describe NIHS outcomes and implementation patterns at a tertiary paediatric hospital in the Western Cape.Method: A retrospective record review of the audiology database and hospital records was conducted at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital between August 2019 and August 2024. Of 7871 children under 6 years, 511 (6.5%) documented NIHS results and were included. Descriptive statistics summarised demographics, risk factors, referral sources, screening methods, and diagnostic outcomes.Results: Neurological (41.1%) and infectious (25.2%) risk factors related to hearing loss were most prevalent. The mean age of initial screening was 16.3 months, and the mean age of diagnosis was 15.6 months, which is earlier than prior South African reports but substantially later than 1-3-6 benchmark and 2-4-8 benchmark. Most referrals originated from tertiary facilities (60.7%) versus primary healthcare centres (10%). Initial screening (68.7%) employed otoacoustic emissions (45.2% referral rate). Repeat screening, predominantly with automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) (59.9%), reduced referrals to 1.1%. Diagnostic testing (n = 110) showed 40% normal hearing, 20% conductive losses, and a predominance of mild to moderate degrees of hearing loss.Conclusion: Hearing screening in this tertiary setting remains delayed, resource-dependent, and disproportionately tertiary-centred.Contribution: This study’s results highlight the need to expand primary-level hearing screening, increase AABR use, and adopt standardised protocols to improve timely detection and intervention of hearing loss in South Africa.
 
Publisher AOSIS
 
Contributor
Date 2026-05-19
 
Type info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion — Retrospective review
Format text/html application/epub+zip text/xml application/pdf
Identifier 10.4102/sajcd.v73i1.1168
 
Source South African Journal of Communication Disorders; Vol 73, No 1 (2026); 6 pages 2225-4765 0379-8046
 
Language eng
 
Relation
The following web links (URLs) may trigger a file download or direct you to an alternative webpage to gain access to a publication file format of the published article:

https://sajcd.org.za/index.php/sajcd/article/view/1168/2728 https://sajcd.org.za/index.php/sajcd/article/view/1168/2729 https://sajcd.org.za/index.php/sajcd/article/view/1168/2730 https://sajcd.org.za/index.php/sajcd/article/view/1168/2731
 
Coverage South Africa; Western Cape — Children under six years old
Rights Copyright (c) 2026 Silva Kuschke, Cheri van Zyl, Mmakgotso Mokete, Lebogang Ramma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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