Mother tongue as a medium of instruction in the foundation phase: A comparison of classroom reality with the South African language-in-education policy

South African Journal of Childhood Education

 
 
Field Value
 
Title Mother tongue as a medium of instruction in the foundation phase: A comparison of classroom reality with the South African language-in-education policy
 
Creator Cekiso, Madoda
 
Subject Education mother-tongue teaching; curriculum; home language; curriculum designers; policy makers; educational system.
Description Background: Research shows that mother-tongue instruction enhances reading comprehension, cognitive development, and self-concept. It also makes learning other languages easier by giving learners a solid foundation. These findings lend credence to the claim that mother-tongue instruction has a positive impact on learning outcomes.Aim: Thus, the goal of the current study was to compare the South African language-in-education policy requirements with the teachers’ experiences of teaching learners in their mother tongue.Setting: The study targeted two schools, with three groups per level (i.e. Grades 1, 2, and 3) in each school in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape province.Methods: A case-study research methodological design was used, and the study was qualitative in nature. Data were gathered through interviews with six foundation-phase teachers who were purposefully chosen. Cummins’ linguistic interdependence hypothesis was used as a framework for the study. Data analysis was done using content analysis.Results: The findings revealed that learners were unfamiliar with some isiXhosa home-language vocabulary, and other isiXhosa vocabulary challenges were associated with teaching numeracy. The results also demonstrated that learners had trouble pronouncing, reading, and spelling words in isiXhosa. The results also showed that teachers faced difficulties with translation because they were not trained to use their mother tongue as a teaching medium.Conclusion: As the learners at this level are not proficient in English, the study concluded that even though many foundation-phase teachers believe that learners comprehend English first additional language (EFAL) more than their mother tongue, this does not equate to using EFAL as a medium of instruction.Contribution: The study’s findings add to the body of knowledge showing that teaching in the mother tongue strengthens cultural identity and self-esteem and builds a strong cognitive and linguistic foundation.
 
Publisher AOSIS
 
Contributor Tshwane University of Technology
Date 2026-03-06
 
Type info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion — interviews
Format text/html application/epub+zip text/xml application/pdf
Identifier 10.4102/sajce.v16i1.1777
 
Source South African Journal of Childhood Education; Vol 16, No 1 (2026); 9 pages 2223-7682 2223-7674
 
Language eng
 
Relation
The following web links (URLs) may trigger a file download or direct you to an alternative webpage to gain access to a publication file format of the published article:

https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1777/3693 https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1777/3694 https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1777/3695 https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1777/3696
 
Coverage — — Male and female teachers; Grade 1, 2, & 3
Rights Copyright (c) 2026 Madoda Cekiso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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