The mediating effects of research and development and advertising expenditures on the relationship between free cash flow and sales: A dynamic perspective

South African Journal of Business Management

 
 
Field Value
 
Title The mediating effects of research and development and advertising expenditures on the relationship between free cash flow and sales: A dynamic perspective
 
Creator Cheng, Jo-Han Ding, Cherng G. Chang, Yen-Wei Chan, Yuan-Yuan
 
Subject advertising; dynamic mediation; R&D; sales. advertising; change; dynamic mediation; free cash flow; R&D; sales
Description Purpose: The purpose of this study is to discuss the mediating effects of research and development (RD) and advertising expenditures on the relationship between free cash flow (FCF) and sales from a dynamic perspective.Design/methodology/approach: Drawing upon the resource-based and knowledge-based views, we propose a dynamic model, in which FCF change positively affects RD expenditure change and advertising expenditure change, which in turn positively affect sales change, and the effect of FCF change on RD expenditure change is moderated by industry type (high-tech vs. non-high-tech). To test for the dynamic mediating effects, we use a two-step approach that incorporates growth modelling and structural equation modelling, utilising longitudinal financial data.Findings/results: Research and development and advertising expenditure changes mediate the relationship between prior FCF change and subsequent sales change, with RD expenditure change having a stronger dynamic mediating effect for high-tech firms.Practical implications: As FCF increases, managers should allocate a proportionate share of the incremental resources to RD and advertising. High-tech firms should be particularly attentive to the need for allocation to RD. Short-term gains should not come at the expense of long-term value creation. Businesses should establish mechanisms for continuous monitoring and adaptation.Originality/value: The results spotlight the mechanism of dynamic mediation of RD and advertising expenditures on the relationship between FCF and sales and the moderating role of industry type on the dynamic mediation of RD expenditures. This study enhances our understanding of dynamic mediation in the context of strategic investments.
 
Publisher AOSIS
 
Contributor The Ministry of Science and Technology, R.O.C. [grant numbers MOST 108-2410-H-009-049, MOST 109-2410-H-009-020]
Date 2026-02-11
 
Type info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion — —
Format text/html application/epub+zip text/xml application/pdf
Identifier 10.4102/sajbm.v57i1.5229
 
Source South African Journal of Business Management; Vol 57, No 1 (2026); 11 pages 2078-5976 2078-5585
 
Language eng
 
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The following web links (URLs) may trigger a file download or direct you to an alternative webpage to gain access to a publication file format of the published article:

https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/view/5229/3620 https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/view/5229/3621 https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/view/5229/3622 https://sajbm.org/index.php/sajbm/article/view/5229/3623
 
Coverage — — —
Rights Copyright (c) 2026 Jo-Han Cheng, Cherng G. Ding, Yen-Wei Chang, Yuan-Yuan Chan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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