Effects of disease-modifying drugs on serum neurofilament light chain, chitinase-3-like-1 protein levels, and selected plasmacytoid dendritic cell biomarkers in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine

 
 
Field Value
 
Title Effects of disease-modifying drugs on serum neurofilament light chain, chitinase-3-like-1 protein levels, and selected plasmacytoid dendritic cell biomarkers in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
 
Creator Kamal, Dalia T. Sayed, Sohair K. Rageh, Tarek A. Rashad, Basant Badawy, Eman R.
 
Subject — multiple sclerosis; disease-modifying drugs; neurofilament light chain; chitinase 3-like 1; plasmacytoid dendritic cells; CD303; CD274; CCR
Description Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative central nervous system disorder causing axonal damage and disability. Relapses develop over hours or days and then subside over weeks. Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) influence disease activity. Interferon beta-1A (IFN-b-1A) is a widely used first-line treatment for relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) that reduces central nervous system inflammation. Fingolimod affects lymphocyte trafficking. B-cell therapy (rituximab) depletes circulating CD20+ B cells in cerebrospinal fluid, but their specific effects in RRMS remain limited.Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of DMDs such as IFN-b-1A, fingolimod and rituximab on neurofilament light chain (NFL) and chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) serum levels, and some biomarkers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in RRMS patients.Methods: Thirty healthy controls and 44 RRMS patients actively receiving their DMDs, were recruited into this study. Patients were divided into three groups according to DMDs type: Group 1 (n = 17) received IFN-b-1A, Group 2 (n = 20) received fingolimod, and Group 3 (n = 7) received rituximab. Patients of all ages and both sexes were included.Results: Serum NFL (84.1% sensitivity and 60.0% specificity) and CHI3L1 (90.9% sensitivity and 73.0% specificity) levels were higher in patients than in controls (p ≤ 0.001), with higher levels of NFL in the B-cell therapy group compared with IFN-b-1A (p ≤ 0.001) and fingolimod (p = 0.005), and higher levels of CHI3L1 in the B-cell group compared to IFN-b-1A (p = 0.001) and fingolimod (p = 0.015). Plasmacytoid dendritic cells showed no difference in tolerogenic and migratory function between the DMDs groups.Conclusion: Disease-modifying drug type (IFN-b-1A, fingolimod, and B-cell therapy) impacts NFL and CHI3L1 serum levels as drug response biomarkers and relates to clinical data of MS patients, but has no diverse impact on the migratory and tolerogenic function of pDCs.What this study adds: The serum NFL and CHI3L1 need to be validated as drug response biomarkers in RRMS patients, evaluating the DMDs’ effect on immunocellular level by studying migratory and tolerogenic functions of pDCs.
 
Publisher AOSIS
 
Contributor Grant Office, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt and The Middle East North Africa Committee for Research and Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis (MENACTRIMS)
Date 2026-01-21
 
Type info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion — cross sectional study
Format text/html application/epub+zip text/xml application/pdf
Identifier 10.4102/ajlm.v15i1.2901
 
Source African Journal of Laboratory Medicine; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 9 pages 2225-2010 2225-2002
 
Language eng
 
Relation
The following web links (URLs) may trigger a file download or direct you to an alternative webpage to gain access to a publication file format of the published article:

https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/article/view/2901/3423 https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/article/view/2901/3424 https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/article/view/2901/3425 https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/article/view/2901/3426
 
Coverage — — age 15-59; gender 36 females; 8 males
Rights Copyright (c) 2026 Dalia T. Kamal, Sohair K. Sayed, Tarek A. Rageh, Basant Rashad, Eman R. Badawy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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