Gross motor development, physical activity and anthropometry of Grade 1’s in a South African school

South African Journal of Childhood Education

 
 
Field Value
 
Title Gross motor development, physical activity and anthropometry of Grade 1’s in a South African school
 
Creator de Milander, Monique van der Merwe, Elna Barnard, Bianca Verster, Robynne
 
Subject Child development; motor proficiency, health care gross motor development; physical activity; anthropometry; overweight; obesity; inactivity
Description Background: Gross motor difficulties can limit physical activity (PA) participation, contributing to unhealthy body composition.Aim: This study profiled Grade 1 learners’ gross motor development, PA and anthropometry and explored relationships between these variables.Setting: A cross-sectional design was followed, including Grade 1 learners (33 girls [58%]; 24 boys [42%]) from one primary school.Methods: The Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) evaluated gross motor development, while the Physical Activity Questionnaire-Young Children (PAQ-YC) determined PA participation. Anthropometry measurements were taken using standardised techniques.Results: Participants predominantly portrayed average gross motor skills (49.1%), ball skills (50.9%) and locomotor skills (64.9%). Participation in a variety of PA types was evident, with outdoor play having the highest median (240 min per week). Participants spent 270 min (median) on screen time per week. Body mass index (BMI) results classified 31.6% of participants as overweight or obese. Central obesity (waist-to-height ratio) was identified in 29.8% of participants, while fat percentage, respectively, categorised 19.3% and 22.8% as overweight and obese. BMI significantly correlated with gross motor index (p = 0.0350; rho = −0.280) and ball skills (p = 0.0351; rho = −0.280), while fat percentage was significantly associated with gross motor index (p = 0.0046).Conclusion: Participants portrayed average gross motor skills and sufficient PA levels, although screen time was high. Unhealthy body composition is significantly related to poorer gross motor skills.Contribution: Alarmingly high incidences of unhealthy body composition negatively affect motor skills. Intervention programmes should therefore be implemented to improve young children’s body composition.
 
Publisher AOSIS
 
Contributor
Date 2025-11-21
 
Type info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion — Empirical study which consisted of a descriptive cross-sectional design making use of quantitative method
Format text/html application/epub+zip text/xml application/pdf
Identifier 10.4102/sajce.v15i1.1601
 
Source South African Journal of Childhood Education; Vol 15, No 1 (2025); 12 pages 2223-7682 2223-7674
 
Language eng
 
Relation
The following web links (URLs) may trigger a file download or direct you to an alternative webpage to gain access to a publication file format of the published article:

https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1601/3580 https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1601/3581 https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1601/3582 https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1601/3583
 
Coverage South Africa; Bloemfontein Grade 1 Grade 1 boys and girls
Rights Copyright (c) 2025 Monique de Milander, Elna van der Merwe, Bianca Barnard, Robynne Verster https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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