Challenges related to teaching critical thinking in the foundation phase

South African Journal of Childhood Education

 
 
Field Value
 
Title Challenges related to teaching critical thinking in the foundation phase
 
Creator Zondo, Phindile M. Human-Vogel, Salome Omidire, Margaret F.
 
Subject Critical thinking; Foundation Phase; Early childhood education; Transversal competencies; Teacher development; South Africa classroom constraints; critical thinking; curriculum challenges; early childhood education; foundation phase; professional development; teacher development
Description Background: Critical thinking is a foundational transversal competence in early childhood education. However, foundation phase teachers face challenges in integrating it into their daily teaching practices in the classroom.Aim: Our study aimed to explore the support, resources and professional development that foundation phase teachers require to teach critical thinking, while also considering their conceptualisation of the competency.Setting: The study involved a purposive sample of 10 foundation phase teachers drawn from quintile 1 to 5 schools in Gauteng province, South Africa. All participating schools were located within the Tshwane South District, ensuring representation of teachers with varied experiences in early childhood teaching who participated in semi-structured interviews.Methods: A qualitative research approach was employed, using deductive and inductive thematic analysis to examine foundation phase teachers’ perspectives of critical thinking.Results: The findings indicated that while teachers acknowledge the importance of fostering critical thinking, they often struggle to clearly conceptualise it. In addition, challenges such as overcrowded classrooms, an overloaded curriculum, time constraints, limited resources and insufficient professional development hinder its implementation. These factors negatively impact teachers’ confidence and instructional strategies, restricting the integration of critical thinking into daily teaching.Conclusion: Addressing these challenges requires structured professional development, improved resource allocation and systemic support to enable teachers to effectively foster critical thinking in young learners.Contribution: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to enhance teacher capacity in promoting critical thinking, ultimately strengthening early childhood education in South Africa.
 
Publisher AOSIS
 
Contributor Gauteng Department of Education Teachers who participated in the study
Date 2025-10-31
 
Type info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion — Interviews
Format text/html application/epub+zip text/xml application/pdf
Identifier 10.4102/sajce.v15i1.1747
 
Source South African Journal of Childhood Education; Vol 15, No 1 (2025); 11 pages 2223-7682 2223-7674
 
Language eng
 
Relation
The following web links (URLs) may trigger a file download or direct you to an alternative webpage to gain access to a publication file format of the published article:

https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1747/3552 https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1747/3553 https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1747/3554 https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1747/3555
 
Coverage Gauteng Province, South Africa The research explores the historical development of critical thinking from the 1980s to present Age: 24-60; Gender: 100% Female; Ethinicity; 80% Black; 20% White
Rights Copyright (c) 2025 Phindile M. Zondo, Salome Human-Vogel, Margaret F. Omidire https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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