Exploring barriers to healthcare among internal and international female migrants in The Gambia

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine

 
 
Field Value
 
Title Exploring barriers to healthcare among internal and international female migrants in The Gambia
 
Creator Vandenbroeck, Aline Bekaert, Els Bittner, Julia M.P. Ceesay, Ismaila Scheerens, Charlotte Ruyssen, Ilse
 
Subject rural medicine; family medicine female migrants; internal migration; healthcare barriers; health disparities; The Gambia; Demographic and Health Survey; propensity score; overlap weighting
Description Background: Existing research on female migration and healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa has predominantly focused on internal migration and maternal and child health, often overlooking broader healthcare access issues for (international) migrant women.Aim: This study aimed to quantitatively assess healthcare barriers faced by internal and international migrants relative to non-migrant women.Setting: The setting of this study was The Gambia.Methods: Using the 2019–2020 Gambia Demographic and Health Survey and overlap weighting, we compare healthcare access – based on reported usage and key barriers – between non-migrants and internal or international migrants. We distinguish between recent and settled migrants according to the duration of residence at the destination.Results: Financial barriers are reported by 26.46% – 28.09% of women, geographic barriers by 21.47% – 26.02% and safety barriers by 11.85% – 15.37%. Internal female migrants encounter significantly more geographic (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.19, 1.45]), permission (OR = 1.43, 95% CI [1.16, 1.76]), safety (OR = 1.16, 95% CI [1.03, 1.30]) and financial (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.10, 1.33]) barriers than non-migrants – differences that persist for settled migrants. Conversely, international migrants do not experience more barriers than non-migrants. In addition, migrants who have moved in the past 3 years used health services more than non-migrants, both for internal migrants (OR = 1.14, 95% CI [1.00, 1.31]) and for international migrants (OR = 1.42, 95% CI [1.02, 1.98]), but these differences disappear for settled migrants.Conclusion: Policy interventions should address disparities between internal migrants and non-migrants and improve healthcare access for all women.Contribution: This study highlights internal migration as a key factor shaping healthcare access.
 
Publisher AOSIS
 
Contributor Ghent University, United Nations University-CRIS
Date 2025-09-26
 
Type info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion — quantitative data analysis
Format text/html application/epub+zip text/xml application/pdf
Identifier 10.4102/phcfm.v17i1.4941
 
Source African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine; Vol 17, No 1 (2025); 18 pages 2071-2936 2071-2928
 
Language eng
 
Relation
The following web links (URLs) may trigger a file download or direct you to an alternative webpage to gain access to a publication file format of the published article:

https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4941/8661 https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4941/8662 https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4941/8663 https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4941/8664
 
Coverage The Gambia 2019-2020 Women
Rights Copyright (c) 2025 Aline Vandenbroeck, Els Bekaert, Julia M.P. Bittner, Ismaila Ceesay, Charlotte Scheerens, Ilse Ruyssen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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