Prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in low-resource high schools in the Free State, South Africa

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine

 
 
Field Value
 
Title Prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in low-resource high schools in the Free State, South Africa
 
Creator Nyathela, Xolani Nirghin, Urvashni Ebrahim Khan, Naimah
 
Subject Optometry; rural health; primary care uncorrected refractive error; myopia; hyperopia; astigmatism; school-going children; quintiles one to three; Free State
Description Background: The continuous increase in the prevalence of refractive error (RE) globally, with uncorrected refractive error (URE) having been established as the leading cause of visual impairment (VI) in children, is a public health concern. Previous RE studies in South Africa also indicated a growing prevalence, substantiating the burden on schoolchildren.Aim: To determine the prevalence of URE among high school learners.Setting: No-fee-paying high schools in the Free State, South Africa.Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 13- to 19-year-old learners through a multistage stratified random method. The examination included an unaided logarith of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) visual acuity test, binocular motor alignment tests, ocular health assessment and cycloplegic autorefraction.Results: A total of 868 learners consented to participate in this study, with a mean age of 16.4 ± 1.7 years. Male participants accounted for 34.5% (n = 299), while female participants accounted for 65.6% (n = 569), with the majority being Grade 10 learners. The prevalence of URE stood at 27.1% (n = 233), with astigmatism being the most prevalent ametropia, accounting for 22.3% (192 cases), followed by myopia at 15.1% (n = 130) and hyperopia at 5.4% (n = 46).Conclusion: A high prevalence of URE, especially among older participants, was established, prompting an urgent concerted intervention from all stakeholders to curb the scourge.Contribution: This study accentuates the visual situation of vulnerable learners, that is, older children from disadvantaged backgrounds in the Free State, which until this point had not been established.
 
Publisher AOSIS
 
Contributor
Date 2025-09-26
 
Type info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion — Quantitative research
Format text/html application/epub+zip text/xml application/pdf
Identifier 10.4102/phcfm.v17i1.4967
 
Source African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine; Vol 17, No 1 (2025); 8 pages 2071-2936 2071-2928
 
Language eng
 
Relation
The following web links (URLs) may trigger a file download or direct you to an alternative webpage to gain access to a publication file format of the published article:

https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4967/8643 https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4967/8644 https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4967/8645 https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4967/8646
 
Coverage Africa; South Africa; Free State; Lejweleputsa, Motheo, Thabo Mofutsanyane and Xhariep Districts 2023; July to September 13-19; male and female; caucasian; black; coloured; school going children
Rights Copyright (c) 2025 Xolani Nyathela, Urvashni Nirghin, Naimah Ebrahim Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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