Neurodiversity and trauma in early childhood: Implications for inclusive learning

South African Journal of Childhood Education

 
 
Field Value
 
Title Neurodiversity and trauma in early childhood: Implications for inclusive learning
 
Creator Patilima, Hamid
 
Subject Education; Early Childhood Education; Inclusive Education; Special Education; Educational Policy; Educational Psychology education; early childhood education; inclusive education; special education; educational policy; educational psychology.
Description Background: Neurodiverse children face significant challenges in early childhood education (ECE) – including sensory overload, social exclusion and rigid teaching methods, potentially causing trauma that hinders cognitive and emotional growth. High-income countries experience intense academic pressures, whereas low-resource settings grapple with insufficient support services and stigma, worsening educational disparities.Aim: This study explores intersections of neurodiversity and trauma in ECE, identifying barriers like inadequate teacher training, inflexible curricula and exclusionary disciplinary practices. It further investigates trauma-informed educational strategies and proposes policies for enhancing inclusion.Setting: Inclusive education policies in high-income countries (Finland and Canada) were compared to low-resource contexts (South Africa and Global South), highlighting disparities in resources, teacher preparedness and institutional support significantly affecting neurodiverse children’s educational experiences.Methods: A systematic qualitative secondary research design was employed, analysing reports from international organisations such as the (United Nations Children’s Fund [UNICEF], World Health Organization [WHO], United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] and International Labour Organization [ILO]) and peer-reviewed journal articles. Thematic content and comparative policy analyses identified challenges and best practices across socioeconomic contexts.Results: Neurodiverse learners disproportionately experience negative impacts from segregated classrooms and punitive discipline, leading to increased anxiety and reduced social interactions. Countries implementing inclusive strategies, such as universal design for learning (UDL) and individualised learning plans, report improved academic and social outcomes. Conversely, low-resource settings encounter substantial challenges because of limited resources and policy gaps.Conclusion: Addressing trauma in ECE requires structured routines, sensory-friendly classrooms and social-emotional learning (SEL). Integrating trauma-informed practices and expanding support services are critical.Contribution: The study advocates adopting UDL, trauma-informed education, improved teacher training and enhanced collaboration among schools, healthcare providers and families to bridge policy–practice gaps, establishing inclusive educational environments for neurodiverse children globally.
 
Publisher AOSIS
 
Contributor
Date 2025-07-18
 
Type info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion — Systematic qualitative secondary research; Thematic content analysis; Comparative policy analysis; Literature review; Document analysis
Format text/html application/epub+zip text/xml application/pdf
Identifier 10.4102/sajce.v15i1.1704
 
Source South African Journal of Childhood Education; Vol 15, No 1 (2025); 9 pages 2223-7682 2223-7674
 
Language eng
 
Relation
The following web links (URLs) may trigger a file download or direct you to an alternative webpage to gain access to a publication file format of the published article:

https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1704/3445 https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1704/3446 https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1704/3447 https://sajce.co.za/index.php/sajce/article/view/1704/3448
 
Coverage South Africa; Finland; Canada; Global South 2000–2025; 21st century; Contemporary education policies Secondary data; Systematic review; Policy documents; Peer-reviewed journal articles; Reports from UNICEF, WHO, UNESCO, ILO; Comparative education policies; Neurodiverse children; Early childhood education (ECE); Teachers; Inclusive education frameworks
Rights Copyright (c) 2025 Hamid Patilima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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