Effects of sample age and storage temperature on the flow cytometric diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in South Africa

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine

 
 
Field Value
 
Title Effects of sample age and storage temperature on the flow cytometric diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in South Africa
 
Creator Grobler, Shaun M. van Marle, Anne-Cecilia
 
Subject Medicine, Haematology, Laboratory, Flow Cytometry chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; atypical chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; flow cytometry; Matutes score; pre-analytical variables; storage time; storage temperature
Description Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a haematological neoplasm with characteristic flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Pre-analytical variables impact the quality and reproducibility of flow cytometric data, which could alter the diagnosis from CLL to atypical CLL (aCLL).Objective: This study investigated the effects of pre-analytical variables, specifically sample age and storage temperature, on the stability of key antigens used in the diagnosis of CLL.Methods: Serial flow cytometric analyses were performed from January 2022 to March 2023 on blood samples of 10 CLL patients from the Universitas Academic Hospital Haematology Clinic in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Samples were stored at room and refrigerator temperatures and analysed at baseline, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h. We recorded the percentage and intensity of antigen expression of CLL makers, including CD5, CD20, CD23, CD79b, CD200 and sIgM, and assessed whether these affected the adapted and modified Matutes scores.Results: Statistically significant changes were observed in CD5 (p = 0.028), CD23 (p = 0.003) and CD200 (p = 0.005) expression, with better stability at refrigerator temperature. Two samples showed changes in both Matutes scores by 24 h, irrespective of storage temperature. By 48 h, scores changed to aCLL in six room-temperature and four refrigerated samples. A majority shift in diagnosis to aCLL (modified Matutes: n = 8/10; adapted Matutes: n = 7/10) was observed at 96 h for refrigerated samples.Conclusion: These findings indicate that pre-analytical variables influence antigen stability in CLL samples, with better preservation at refrigerator temperature, recommending analysis within 48 h of collection.What this study adds: This study highlights the impact of pre-analytical variables on the flow cytometric diagnosis of CLL. Extended room temperature storage alters antigen expression, shifting Matutes scores and potentially affecting the final diagnosis. The findings emphasise optimised sample handling, for improved diagnostic accuracy in laboratory medicine.
 
Publisher AOSIS
 
Contributor Marianne van der Westhuizen, Universitas Academic Hospital National Health Laboratory Service Mr. Jan Roodt, University of the Free State Dr. Daleen Struwig, medical writer/editor, University of the Free State
Date 2025-05-31
 
Type info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion — Observational descriptive study
Format text/html application/epub+zip text/xml application/pdf
Identifier 10.4102/ajlm.v14i1.2688
 
Source African Journal of Laboratory Medicine; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 8 pages 2225-2010 2225-2002
 
Language eng
 
Relation
The following web links (URLs) may trigger a file download or direct you to an alternative webpage to gain access to a publication file format of the published article:

https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/article/view/2688/3150 https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/article/view/2688/3151 https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/article/view/2688/3152 https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/article/view/2688/3153
 
Coverage — — Sample age; Sample Storage Temperature; Diagnosis
Rights Copyright (c) 2025 Shaun M. Grobler, Anne-Cecilia van Marle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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