Psychological insulin resistance among patients with diabetes mellitus in Botswana

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine

 
 
Field Value
 
Title Psychological insulin resistance among patients with diabetes mellitus in Botswana
 
Creator Bitsang, Engemadzo Tsima, Billy M. Motlhatlhedi, Keneilwe
 
Subject — diabetes mellitus; psychological insulin resistance; insulin therapy; ITAS scale; Botswana
Description Background: Timely initiation of insulin therapy is vital in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, insulin initiation may be delayed because of psychological insulin resistance (PIR).Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of PIR and factors that contribute to PIR in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a diabetes clinic in Botswana.Setting: The study was conducted in a diabetes clinic, one of the two large centres in the country that manage diabetes mellitus. It is situated on the south eastern part of Botswana.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We included participants aged between 18 and 80 years old and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus for more than 1 year. Patients’ attitudes towards insulin therapy were assessed using the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale (ITAS).Results: The prevalence of PIR was 82.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.0 – 87.8) out of the 228 respondents. Factors significantly associated with PIR were gender (odds ratio [OR] adjusted 0.44; 95% confidence interval 0.211 – 0.921; p = 0.029) and treatment type (OR adjusted 1.58; 95% confidence interval 1.067 – 2.341; p = 0.023).Conclusion: Significant factors associated with psychological insulin resistance were patient and health system-related. It is therefore pivotal to improve patient and healthcare provider communication and to ensure that patient education is thoroughly performed at the diagnosis of disease.Contribution: This study highlights the importance of patient education at diagnosis and during treatment continuum of diabetes mellitus.
 
Publisher AOSIS
 
Contributor
Date 2025-04-22
 
Type info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion — —
Format text/html application/epub+zip text/xml application/pdf
Identifier 10.4102/phcfm.v17i1.4752
 
Source African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine; Vol 17, No 1 (2025); 7 pages 2071-2936 2071-2928
 
Language eng
 
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The following web links (URLs) may trigger a file download or direct you to an alternative webpage to gain access to a publication file format of the published article:

https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4752/8154 https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4752/8155 https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4752/8156 https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/4752/8157
 
Coverage — — —
Rights Copyright (c) 2025 Engemadzo Bitsang, Billy M. Tsima, Keneilwe Motlhatlhedi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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