A review exploring convergence insufficiency in younger populations and e-devices in the digital era
African Vision and Eye Health
| Field | Value | |
| Title | A review exploring convergence insufficiency in younger populations and e-devices in the digital era | |
| Creator | Pillay, Renaishia Munsamy, Alvin J. | |
| Description | Background: The advancement of the fourth industrial revolution has increased the penetrance of e-devices among younger populations, particularly with e-learning technology which has become widespread due to special circumstances such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Aim: The purpose of this review is to explore the prevalence of convergence insufficiency (CI) in younger populations and to map any associations between CI, near work and e-device usage.Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Elsevier, PubMed, Medline and Ebscohost databases. The literature search used the following keywords in various combinations: ‘Convergence Insufficiency’, ‘Binocular vision status of primary school children’, ‘E-learning’, ‘M-learning’, ‘Computer vision syndrome’, ‘Digital eye syndrome’, ‘E-devices and children’.Results: The observed prevalence of CI ranges from 5.46% to 13.00% among non-clinical studies and from 3.50% to 18.00% among clinical studies. The prevalence among primary school children ranges from 6.80% to 31.40% whilst CI among high school children may be as prevalent as 32.60%, depending on the diagnostic criteria employed. There is mixed evidence showing the association between screen time and myopia. No studies were identified showing a direct association between CI and e-device use.Conclusion: Convergence insufficiency has proven to be a prevalent condition among both young children and young adult populations. There is a need for studies to investigate the prevalence of CI in younger populations who learn in a digital environment. This may highlight exposure to the modifiable factor of screen time in managing the condition in the context of a tech-infused lifestyle. | |
| Publisher | AOSIS | |
| Date | 2021-06-14 | |
| Identifier | 10.4102/aveh.v80i1.623 | |
| Source | African Vision and Eye Health; Vol 80, No 1 (2021); 12 pages 2410-1516 2413-3183 | |
| Language | eng | |
| Relation |
The following web links (URLs) may trigger a file download or direct you to an alternative webpage to gain access to a publication file format of the published article:
https://avehjournal.org/index.php/aveh/article/view/623/1591
https://avehjournal.org/index.php/aveh/article/view/623/1592
https://avehjournal.org/index.php/aveh/article/view/623/1595
https://avehjournal.org/index.php/aveh/article/view/623/1596
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